Narrower apertures (f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22) are mostly used for landscape photography. In this case, the area of focus can be less than 10mm. But you also need to be aware of how to do it properly.Ī wide aperture can easily blur your picture in undesirable areas… especially in portraits, where if you use a very small f-stop such as f/1.8, your subject’s nose could be out of focus while their eyes are still sharp. You can get creative with adjusting your f-stops for a different depth of field. So the wider the aperture is, the shallower the depth of field. So what if you shoot with a wider aperture, such as f/2.8? You will notice that the area of focus is much smaller than if you were using a bigger f-stop, like an f/5.6 or f/8. But it also causes a change in your photo’s depth of field. Jumping up an f-stop brightens up your image. One possible solution is to open your aperture to let more light in through the lens and onto your camera’s sensor. So it would be best if you compensated for this somehow. As the sun keeps going down, you have less and less light. Let’s say you are photographing portraits of someone at the beach during sunset. The lens’s focal length determines the aperture size. This is because the f-stop numbers come from an equation. This allows 50% less light through the lens (one f-stop). In doing so, you’re halving the open area of the aperture in the lens. So if you are changing from f/2 to f/2.8, you are halving the exposure. So what’s the most important thing to know about these f-stop numbers? From each number to the next, the aperture decreases to half its size. A 50mm lens with an aperture of f/8 is 50 ÷ 8.A 50mm lens with an aperture of f/2 is 50 ÷ 2.Here are a couple more f-stop settings examples: How Do You Calculate an F-stop’s Aperture Size?Īt this point, things get a little bit complicated and somewhat mathematical… To calculate the size of your aperture at a certain f-stop, you must divide the focal length by the fraction.įor example, if you are shooting with a 200mm lens at f/4, the diameter of the aperture is 200 ÷ 4 = 50mm. A large f-number (right) means a small aperture. This is what the aperture scale looks like from wide (left) to narrow (right): A small f-number (left) is a large aperture. Why does a low number represent the max aperture? The answer is simple. And you can adjust these settings in aperture priority and manual modes in your camera. So the lower the number, the wider the aperture. You’ll see “f/” or “f” on your camera, followed by a number. But why is it so important? It’s because the f-stop scale is what helps you to measure and understand the aperture size. The same goes for your camera’s aperture. We’ll keep it short… The aperture blades, also known as a diaphragm in your lens, work just like the pupil of a human eye. The number following it is a fraction of the focal length.īut before we would jump in further, it’s essential to understand how the aperture works. So what does the “f” stand for in f-stop? The “f” stands for focal length.
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To get the most out of the testing results, it is best to run commands like smartctl -A /dev/sdX. There are two main reasons why smartctl is not a good choice: it is easy to misinterpret reported data. Check that the drive you’re testing is the same model as the manufacturer’s ID 177 (Wear Leveling_Count). Using the smartclt command, you can inspect all of the information on your hard drive to ensure that it is operational. If you pass these tests, you will receive the most accurate data on your hard drive. You should have your drives tested on a weekly or monthly basis. To use the smartctl tool, you must first gather information about the drive, which can be accomplished by using the command sudo smartctl -i /dev/sdX: directory sdX. You can use this command to see how your SSD is doing. Solid state drives, despite their lifespan, outperform rotating platter drives in terms of performance. When your data center hosts Linux machines, one of the administrative tasks you may be required to perform is inspecting the health of SSD drives on those machines on a regular basis. In this article, we will provide a step-by-step guide on how to do this and explain why it is important to keep an eye on your SSD’s wear level. Fortunately, there are a few easy ways to check the wear level of your SSD in Linux. This can lead to performance issues and even data corruption if the wear level is not monitored. However, as with any storage device, SSDs can suffer from wear and tear over time. SSDs are becoming increasingly popular as they can offer faster performance and greater storage capacity than traditional hard drives. If you are a Linux user, it is important to know how to check the wear level of your Solid-State Drive (SSD). 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Thus, by undermining the metaphysical foundations of medieval epistemology, nominalist philosophers, such as William of Ockham, also destabilized the ethics that rested upon them. Once, however, ideas are viewed merely as linguistic conventions, the assignment of a “natural” value to a given good above and beyond its customary (market) value becomes notoriously difficult. They argued, on the contrary, that the ideas of the human mind were but the names ( nomina) of things – signifiers, which revealed nothing (objective) about the signified but communicated only the (subjective) interests of their users. This assumption was severely challenged by nominalist thinkers of the late Middle Ages. According to Thomas, human intellect is capable of conceiving valid universals about reality. Thomas’s normative business theory rests ultimately on intermediary position that he holds in the debates about metaphysical universals that captured the minds of medieval thinkers. Irrespective of the requisite specifications that context and circumstance demand, he defends the general orientation of business and the economy toward human well-being and dignity as of global reach and universal validity. This, Thomas argues, holds true across time and culture. Private property and corporate wealth have to serve all members of society and must be used with respect to the human dignity of each. On this basis, he develops a rich economic ethics that spells out how business should be informed by virtues and conducted in the light of the idea of social justice. Thus, Thomas limits the quantitative pursuit of profit by qualitative concerns for human well-being and establishes a hierarchy of life-promoting goods (as ends) that business (as a means) is to procure. Business has a social purpose it is to serve the common good. Instead, they are fundamental in order to understand central human motivation behind the production and exchange of goods. Moral objectives are neither external nor marginal to economics. Since the human being flourishes through virtuous living and strives to flourish, virtues are just as much of relevance to business as they are to every other sphere of human conduct. For Thomas Aquinas, economic transactions, as human interactions, cannot be separated from ethics. With that said, let's get started showing you how to use MAMP so you can get coding and testing websites like a boss! Setting Up Mamp - Download & Install We'll show you how to get started with the free version of MAMP, but it should be noted that the Pro version is pretty inexpensive and streamlines your workflow quite a bit. Having your own local development environment allows you to quickly plug through building a website or application without needing to consider all implications of having an accessible product online. While this workflow is guided towards folks using a Mac, the steps of the process are almost identical on other platforms. This tutorial will walk you through setting up MAMP so you can take advantage of all the perks of having your own local PHP development server. This guide to setting up MAMP will show you how to create your own PHP development server & how to use MAMP efficiently once you're all setup. Utilizing a local development environment is crucial for web developers, but it's not well documented. WP-CLI global config:/Users/developer/.wp-cli/config.Category: Freebies - Web Dev Tools & Graphic Design Freebies, Advanced Web Design Tutorials & CMS Tutorials Php.ini used:/Applications/MAMP/bin/php/php5.5.14/conf/php.ini Here’s the result of `wp cli info` when I run it on my Mac □ PHP binary:/Applications/MAMP/bin/php/php5.5.14/bin/php It’s worth getting it working though, I use WP CLI to install & setup out base install of WordPress and it saves me 45 minutes each install. It’s hard to diagnose from this end, so if you cannot figure it out from the above, then i’m afraid I cannot help. It’s possible that MAMP is not using version 5.5.10 of php (at least I cannot tell from my desk), just double check what version of PHP MAMP is using (you can do this from the MAMP Interface). I’ve included what I get when i run this command at the end of the email.Ĥ. I see you have tried to set it to `/usr/bin/php` which will not work as MAMP doesn’t touch this file at all. You basically need to get this to be your MAMP version. You could try and run `wp cli info` which will tell you which PHP version wp cli is trying to use. Is MAMP running? You get the same error if you try to run the `wp` command when MAMP isn’t running (because the mysql server isn’t running).ģ. Or alternatively you can close terminal and re-open it.Ģ. bash_profile you will need to re-source the file using the `source` command. Here are a couple of things to keep in mind though:ġ. Installing VVV is out of scope for this article, but you can find everything you need to get it up and running on their Github repo. For this reason (and many more), it’s worth investing the time to setup your development environments using VVV (a Vagrant configuration focused on WordPress development). These are the 2 main errors when working with MAMP & WP CLI, but depending on your version of MAMP and version of OSX, it’s possible you will encounter other errors. bash_profile or re-open terminal like before. Press CTRL + O then CTRL + X to save and exit. Within this file, add the following: export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/MAMP/Library/bin This is almost the same process as above, so re-open the ~/.bash_profile file in terminal and type: nano ~/.bash_profile If you have MAMP running and you’re still receiving the “Can’t Connect” error, then you can add MAMP’s MySQL to your system $PATH. You must have MAMP running for WP CLI to connect to the MySQL server. Can’t Connect To Local MySQL Server Through Socket In my example, it would be like this: export PATH="/Applications/MAMP/bin/php/php5.5.14/bin:$PATH" Within this file, add the path to MAMPs PHP. You’ll need to update the WP_CLI_PHP environment variable by add the following code to your ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc file (whichever you prefer). You can replace the version number with your MAMPs PHP version. The exact path to MAMPs PHP install varies depending on the version, but it will be something similar to /Applications/MAMP/bin/php/php5.5.14/bin. You can find out what PHP you’re using by running the command which php in your terminal window. Your default path to PHP is likely to be /usr/bin/php, or /usr/local/bin/php which is not those used by MAMP. MAMP comes packaged with it’s own versions of MySQL & PHP which we need to give WP CLI access to. However for MAMP users it won’t work out of the box, so this is how you fix it: Error Establishing A Database Connection You can setup new installs, install plugins, update settings all from your terminal window. WP CLI is a fantastic command line tool for working with WordPress. |